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Environmental Studies
The Department of Environmental Studies allows students to focus their courses in an interdisciplinary study of the complex issues regarding the sustainability of the natural environment in the face of human development. The program integrates humanities, natural and social science, policy and planning perspectives. A variety of courses provides students with emerging paradigms, theories, approaches, methods, and technical tools in environmental studies. These courses also develop ideas and skills needed to engage constructively with social and environmental issues brought about by changes in economic activities, technology, population, and human values.
A student may earn either the Bachelor of Arts degree in environmental studies or the Bachelor of Science degree in environmental science. The department also offers a minor in environmental science.
The Environmental Studies Major (B.A.)
The Environmental Science Major (B.S.)
The Environmental Science Minor
The Environmental Studies Major (B.A.)
(51-53 semester hours)
Core Requirements:
BIOL 324 (4) Ecology
ECON 101 (3) Principles of Microeconomics
ECON 342 (3) Ecological Economics
ENVR 101 (3) Introduction to Environmental Issues
ENVR 203 (4) Freshwater Systems
ENVR 215 (3) Environmental Policy Analysis
ENVR 220 (3) Applied Environmental Analysis
ENVR 309 (3) Energy and Atmospheric Pollution
ENVR 316 (3) Geographic Information Systems I
MATH 123 (4) Calculus I
Choose 1 of the following:
ANTH 112 (3) Cultural Anthropology
ANTH 221 (3) Culture, Society, and the Individual
SOCI 100 (3) Introduction to Sociology: The Sociological Perspective
SOCI 110 (3) Introduction to Sociology: Social Research
Senior Exercise:
ENVR 446 (3) Evaluation of Environmental Issues
Choose 1 of the following courses:
ENVR 377 (3) Internship
ENVR 450 (3) Senior Research in Environmental Studies
HNRS 399 (3) Summer Honors Research
Choose 3 of the following courses, at least one of which must be at the 300-level or above:
ANTH 317 (3) Ecological Anthropology
BIOL 218 (4) Field Natural History
BIOL 316 (3) Seminar in Conservation Biology
ENVR 116 (4) Weather and Climate
ENVR 143 (4) Physical Geography: Landscapes
ENVR 210 (3) Humans and Wildlife
ENVR 228 (4) Oceanography
ENVR 319 (3) People and the American Landscape
ENVR 322 (3) Ecological Modeling
ENVR 329 (3) Global Diversity Conservation
ENVR 377 (3) Internship (if not taken above)
ENVR 393 (3) Topics in Environmental Studies
ENVR 416 (3) Geographic Information Systems II
ENVR 451 (3) Senior Research in Environmental Science
GOVT 246 (3) The Political Economy fo International Development
SOCI 220 (3) Community
SOCI 370 (3) Environmental Sociology
The Environmental Science Major (B.S.)
(61-63 semester hours)
Core Requirements:
BIOL 324 (4) Ecology
CHEM 131 (4) General Chemistry
CHEM 141 (1) General Chemistry Laborabory
CHEM 216 (3) Analytical Chemistry
CHEM 226 (1) Environmental Analytical Chemistry Laboratory
ECON 101 (3) Principles of Microeconomics
ENVR 101 (3) Introduction to Environmental Issues
ENVR 143 (4) Physical Geography: Landscapes
ENVR 203 (4) Freshwater Systems
ENVR 215 (3) Environmental Policy Analysis
ENVR 220 (3) Applied Environmental Analysis
ENVR 309 (3) Energy and Atmospheric Pollution
ENVR 316 (3) Geographic Information Systems I
MATH 123 (4) Calculus I
Choose 1 of the following courses:
MATH 124 (3) Calculus II
MATH 205 (3) Applied Statistics
PSYC 219 (4) Statistics for Behavioral Sciences
Senior Exercises:
ENVR 433 (3) Advanced Lab in Environmental Science
ENVR 446 (3) Evaluation of Environmental Issues
Choose 1 of the following courses:
ENVR 377 (3) Internship
ENVR 451 (3) Senior Research in Environmental Science
HNRS 399 (3) Summer Honors Research
Choose 2 of the following courses, at least one of which must be at the 300-level or above:
BIOL 218 (3) Field Natural History
BIOL 316 (3) Seminar in Conservation Biology
ECON 342 (3) Ecological Economics
ENGR 120 (3) Analyzing Our World: Foundations of Engineering Analysis
ENVR 116 (4) Weather and Climate
ENVR 210 (3) Humans and Wildlife
ENVR 228 (4) Oceanography
ENVR 319 (3) People and the American Landscape
ENVR 322 (3) Ecological Modeling
ENVR 329 (3) Global Biodiversity Conservation
ENVR 377 (3) Internship (if not taken above)
ENVR 393 (3) Topics in Environmental Studies
ENVR 416 (3) Geographic Information Systems II
ENVR 451 (3) Senior Research in Environmental Science (if not taken above)
MATH 315 (3) Biostatistics
The Environmental Science Minor
(18 semester hours)
Required:
ENVR 101 (3) Introduction to Environmental Issues
ENVR 316 (3) Geographic Information Systems I
Choose 12 additional semester hours of ENVR courses, at least 3 credits of which must be at the 300-level or above. ECON 342 may be taken as one of these electives.
ANTH 112
Prerequisite: Not open to seniors. (ANTH 112H is open to seniors). A broad, general introduction to selected concepts and topics in cultural anthropology through ethnographic accounts of societies from different world regions. Questions about differing social practices and cultural values will be explored, along with questions about how anthropologists examine the objects of their studies and critical examination of analytical concepts such as culture, tradition, ritual, and kinship. The course is designed primarily for first- and second-year students. V.4
ANTH 221
Prerequisite: Not open to first-year students. An introduction to the theoretical foundations of anthropology. We examine the emergence of specific problematics in anthropology: What is the relationship of the individual to society? To culture? What are the implications of talking about society as structured? About cultures as different? How do we account for change and diversity? The course introduces these questions through the examination of theoretical sources and supplemented by some ethnographic studies. V.5
BIOL 324
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 or ENVR 101; and one 200-level lab course in biology or environmental science. This course examines the interrelationships between individuals and their abiotic environment, among members of a population, and among populations in a given habitat or community. General principles and theories will be applied to a range of organisms, including plants, animals, microorganisms, and humans. Labs emphasize the collection and evaluation of numerical data to test hypotheses, and include field problems, computer models, and student-designed experiments. Three hours lecture and three hours laboratory/discussion. III.Q, V.8a
CHEM 131
Prerequisite: Placement or permission; or CHEM 120. Prerequisite or co-requisite: CHEM 141. This course is an introduction to chemical principles and it is open to students having appropriate backgrounds in science and mathematics. Areas of emphasis include chemical equations and reactions, stoichiometry, kinetics, chemical equilibrium, acids and bases, solubility equilibria, electronic structure of atoms, periodic relationships, molecular structure and bonding, intermolecular forces, properties of solutions, and an introduction to organic chemistry. Applications of modern chemistry are discussed whenever appropriate and are explored in the associated laboratory course, CHEM 141. III.Q, V.8a
CHEM 141
Prerequisite or co-requisite: CHEM 131. An introduction to experimental chemistry. laboratory modules emphasize investigation of the chemistry in everyday life and introduce modern analytical techniques. A nominal lab fee may be required for this course. One three-hour laboratory. V.8b
CHEM 216
Prerequisites: CHEM 131 and CHEM 141, or any 200-level chemistry course. Co-requisite: Students are strongly encouraged to take CHEM 226. An introduction to the principles of analytical chemistry stressing proper methods of obtaining and handling data. Topics include statistical error analysis, propagation of error, methods of data reduction, sampling techniques, sample preparation, method validation, sample interferences, and complex equilibria. The course also explores classical analytical techniques and surveys methods using advanced instrumentation.
CHEM 226
Prerequisite: CHEM 131. Co-requisite: CHEM 216 or ENVR 244. Students will gain practical experience analyzing samples from diverse matrices including sediment, air, soil, and water. Students will also learn how to critically analyze data, conduct an error analysis, and recommend improvements to an experimental procedure. Methods of analysis include gravimetric, titrimetric, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, fluorometry, AAS, and HPlC. A nominal lab fee may be required for this course. One three-hour laboratory.
ECON 101
An introduction to the role markets play in determining the prices for products and services, wages workers earn, profits companies realize as participants in competitive markets, and how government policies impact markets. III.Q, V.7
ENVR 101
An introduction to the multi-disciplinary field of environmental studies involving the integration of environmental science, policy and planning. This course introduces various environmental problems, their causes and potential solutions. The course examines the issue of overpopulation and current global environmental crises such as ozone depletion, loss of biodiversity, tropical deforestation, and contamination of water and air. V.4
ENVR 116
This course provides an introduction to the fundamental principles controlling atmospheric motion and how that manifests as weather and climate. Variations in weather over long time scales will also be explored to provide context for the current debate over climate change. Topics include clouds, air pollution, monsoons, El Nino, hurricanes, tornadoes, weather forecasting, and climate. V.8ab
ENVR 133
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. Hands-on investigation of Earth surface processes, landforms, and soils. Activities include interpretation of topographic maps and aerial photographs, basic rock and mineral identification, soil sampling and description, experiments with water flow, and field exercises in geologic observation and interpretation. V.8b
ENVR 143
A study of the geologic processes that shape the Earth's surface, including natural hazards such as volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides, and climate change. The nature and distribution of landforms, rocks, and soils are explored, along with their relationship to human society. Lab involves hands-on investigation of these topics, including map interpretation and field exercises. V.8ab
ENVR 203
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. A study of freshwater systems including streams, lakes, and groundwater. Physical, chemical, and ecological components of aquatic environments are examined with an emphasis on water quality, hydrology, geomorphology, and water resource management. Includes hands-on field and lab experience applying concepts to real-world problems. V.8ab
ENVR 210
Prerequisite: ENVR 101. An historical and contemporary examination of human interaction with wildlife. Basic ecological principles are applied to the conservation and management of wildlife with particular emphasis on the role of humans in the environment. Students explore the development of human-wildlife relationships from prehistoric times through the agricultural revolution and European expansion to modern issues of wildlife conservation. Offered alternate years. V.1
ENVR 215
Prerequisite: ENVR 101. An introduction to the principles of environmental policy planning and analysis. The development of environmental policy is explored and students are introduced to the legal and regulatory institutions affecting environmental policy. Emphasis is placed on the processes by which interest groups compete for favorable policy and on the analysis of the social and economic results of specific environmental policies. Offered alternate years. V.7
ENVR 220
Prerequisite: ENVR 101. An examination of the processes used to understand, analyze, and solve environmental problems. Students are introduced to experimental design and the use of statistics to analyze data. Problems involving stock, dimensional, and mass balance analysis are studied. The fundamentals of environmental toxicology and ecological risk assessment are applied to environmental issues. This course cannot be taken on a P/CR/NC grading option.
ENVR 228
Prerequisite: One course in BIOL, CHEM, ENVR, or PHYS. Introduction to the geological, chemical, physical, and ecological aspects of the world's oceans. Topics include the origin and structure of coastlines and ocean basins; properties and constituents of seawater; tides, waves, currents, and circulation patterns; air-sea interactions and ocean-climate dynamics; and life in the ocean. Emphasis will be placed on the climatic and environmental importance of the ocean. V.8ab
ENVR 261
Prerequisites: One ENVR course and permission of the instructor. The study of introductory level material by an individual student or by a small group of students under the immediate supervision of a faculty member.
ENVR 309
Prerequisite: ENVR 215. Dwindling, nonrenewable fossil fuel resources and air pollution issues, including climate change, ozone depletion, acid rain, and smog, are some of the most significant environmental problems of the 21st century. This course takes an in-depth look at both energy and atmospheric pollution, focusing on the science behind the issues and exploring their social, political, and economic aspects. III.O
ENVR 316
Prerequisite: Permission required for first-year students. A practical, hands-on introduction to geographic information systems (GIS) as applied to current issues in a wide range of disciplines. The course introduces maps and map-making, GIS fundamentals, the global positioning system (GPS), and remote sensing. Lab involves learning to use ArcGIS software at the ArcView level for mapmaking and management/analysis of spatial data, along with basic web page construction. Two hours lecture and three hours lab per week.
ENVR 319
Prerequisite: ENVR 101 or ENVR 143. As lifestyles, technologies, and values have changed over time, the relationship between humans and the American landscape has also evolved. Through examination of the issues of food and agriculture, urbanization, and wilderness protection, this course analyzes how and why people’s connection with the land has changed through time. The emergence of the American environmental movement is also explored. Offered alternate years. V.1
ENVR 322
Prerequisites: BIOL 324 and MATH 123. An application of modeling techniques to ecological systems and conservation problems. Students learn to examine ecological problems, determine the critical elements for analysis, develop quantitative models to perform the analysis, and generalize the results to address the original problem. The course begins with simple models, then progresses in complexity as students develop their modeling skills. Emphasis is placed on developing practical approaches to solving real-world problems. Offered alternate years.
ENVR 329
Prerequisite: BIOL 324. An examination of the social, economic, and ecological aspects of global biodiversity conservation. Students explore the roles of international institutions in biodiversity loss, the role of economic value in conservation, and the causes of conflicts between humans and wilderness in developing countries. Major international conventions, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and CITES, are analyzed for effectiveness in promoting biodiversity conservation. Offered alternate years. V.4, V.7
ENVR 361
Prerequisites: 100-level ENVR course and permission of the instructor. The study of an intermediate level topic by an individual student or by a small group of students under the immediate supervision of a faculty member.
ENVR 377
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor, department chair, and dean. This course is graded P/CR/NC only.
ENVR 393
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. A focused investigation of a particular area of environmental studies. Topics will vary.
ENVR 416
Prerequisite: ENVR 316. Hands-on exploration of topics in geographic information systems (GIS), including 3D visualization, spatial data models, raster analysis, and basic cartographic modeling. Involves application of ArcGIS software to a variety of geographic problems. Offered alternate years.
ENVR 433
Prerequisites: BIOL 324, CHEM 226, ENVR 203, ENVR 220, and ENVR 244. Open to other senior non-majors by permission. Senior environmental science students will work in teams to address local and regional environmental science problems, applying techniques and theories learned in previous science and environmental studies classes. Attendance on a one-day field trip during Reading Days is required. One two-hour lecture and one three-hour laboratory per week. III.W
ENVR 446
Prerequisite: ENVR or ENVS majors or minors with senior standing. A course designed to help students synthesize knowledge gained in previous courses with students’ analytical abilities and facilities for oral and written persuasive argument. Students are provided with intractable environmental problems, about which they learn to perform independent research, develop clear positions, persuade others of their positions, and defend those positions against competing views. III.O, III.W
ENVR 450
Prerequisites: ENVR 215 and ECON 342. An independent field or computer research project selected and carried out in consultation with a faculty sponsor. A written report and an oral presentation are required. In addition to research time, a weekly one-hour meeting with the advisor and periodic meetings with other research students will be required.
ENVR 451
ENVR 461
Prerequisites: One 100-level ENVR course, one 200-level ENVR course, and permission of the instructor. Pursuit of an upper level research project determined in advance by the student in consultation with a faculty member who will act as the sponsor.
HNRS 399
Prerequisites: One or more 200-level courses relevant to the research project; a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.3; and research proposal selected by Honors Committee. Projects are undertaken and completed over eight weeks in the early summer. The student and her faculty sponsor together determine what the student will produce as the culmination of her research project. At the end of the program each student must turn in to the Honors Program and to her faculty sponsor the final product of her research project. The research papers will be published in a special issue of the Honors Journal. This course is graded P/CR/NC only.
MATH 123
Limits, differentiation and integration of polynomials and trigonometric functions. Applications of calculus including graphing, related rates and max-min problems. This course includes a three-hour laboratory session. III.Q
MATH 205
Prerequisite or co-requisite: MATH 113, MATH 123, or BUSN 127; not open to students who have received credit for MATH 106. An introduction to data analysis and statistics. Descriptive statistics, random variables and their distributions, independence, sampling distributions, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing and linear regression. Applications in science, social sciences and economics. III.Q
PSYC 219
Prerequisite: PSYC 101. An introduction to those descriptive and inferential statistics most often used in psychological research. Topics include probability, standard normal distribution, measures of central tendency and variability, sampling, correlation, and both parametric and non-parametric tests of significance. This course includes a weekly three-hour laboratory session. III.Q
SOCI 100
The course serves as an introduction to the analysis of human interaction and social groups. Focus is on the sociological perspective, methods of social science, socialization processes, and class, gender, and race inequalities, with an over-arching emphasis on the social construction of reality. May be counted as an auxiliary course toward the minor in gender studies. V.5
SOCI 110
An introduction to the analysis of human group behavior within the context of social interaction and social institutions. Primary emphasis is on methods and results of social research. III.Q



