Are relations of power and status between men and women always unequal? Are gender differences always linked to the same notions of sexuality and sexual practice? These questions will be explored by looking at the ways people in various cultures throughout the world define and maintain gender distinctions and order, and conceptualize sexuality. V.5

Area III, 18th Century to the Present. Prerequisite: ARTH 116. Developments in European art from c. 1900-1940. Major modern movements will be studied in a cultural and historical context. Recent critical approaches to the material will be considered. May be counted as a core course or as an auxiliary course toward the minor in gender studies. III.W, V.6a

Area III, 18th Century to the Present. Prerequisite: One course in ARTH or GNDR. A study of women artists in Europe and the Americas in which considerable attention is paid to the cultural conditions in which these artists worked and the obstacles they encountered in making their art. Artists of the periods preceding the eighteenth century will be briefly introduced, but emphasis will be on the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. Articles by feminist art historians and critics comprise the major portion of the reading list. May be counted as a core course toward the minor in gender studies. III.O, V.5, V.6a

Area II, Renaissance and Baroque. Prerequisite: ARTH 116. Using both primary and secondary sources, the seminar will examine Italian Renaissance art in relation to contemporary art theory in the 15th and 16th centuries. Offered alternate years. May be counted as a core course or as an auxiliary course toward the minor in gender studies. V.6a

This course covers the history, literature, and culture of the roman people from the period of etruscan influence to the end of the republic and beginning of the reign of the first emperor Augustus (seventh through first centuries B.C.). Primary emphasis will be on the last century of the republic, the “roman revolution” from 133 to 31 B.C., which also saw the flowering of classi- cal latin literature and culture. Attention will be given to the influence of etruscan and especially Greek culture on the development of roman civilization, especially in the areas of literature, religion, art and political thought. Authors read include: Plautus, terence, livy, Catullus, Cicero and sallust. offered alternate years. May be counted as an auxiliary course toward the minor in gender studies. V.1, V.2

Prerequisite: Sophomores admitted by permission; a 100- level course in classical studies or in gender studies is recommended. Study of the cultural constructs of sex and gender as seen in the literature, law and material culture of Greek and Roman societies (including Egypt and the Near East in the Greco-Roman period). Explores societal stereotypes regarding women’s abilities and behavior and the strategies devised by women in response to those stereotypes. Attitudes toward marriage and the family, homosexuality, and fertility control will also be treated. Emphasis will be on interpretation of ancient texts, literary, legal and documentary (all in English translation), and current scholarship. Topic and time period will vary. Offered alternate years. May be counted as an auxiliary course toward the minor in gender studies. III.O, V.5

Prerequisite: ENGL 104. A study of myths and legends from biblical, classical, and medieval sources, and of their modern retellings in both literature and film. Works to be examined will include the story of Samson from the Book of Judges and Milton’s “Samson Agonistes,” “The Odyssey,” and the movie “O Brother, Where Art Thou?,” “Beowulf” and John Gardner’s “Grendel.” Offered alternate years. V.2

Prerequisite: Sophomores with permission. Though medieval heroic epics focus on (and are often named for) their male heroes, they also include female characters of subtle but essential significance. This course will examine representations of gender and gender roles in medieval heroic literature and how those representations change over time and across cultures, assessing the extent to which the heroes of this genre owe their fame and fates to the unacknowledged heroines with whom they interact. V.2, V.5

Prerequisite: Sophomores with permission. A study of 20th- and 21st-century African- American writers, with emphasis on the Harlem Renaissance and more contemporary works. Topics may include models of identity and sexuality, the effects of primitivism, folk materials, and dominant cultural values on literary forms. Writers such as Dubois, Toomer, Hurston, Wright, Ellison, Larsen, Morrison, and Walker will be included. Offered alternate years in the spring semester. May be counted as an auxiliary course toward the minor in gender studies. V.2, V.5

Prerequisite: Sophomores with permission. A study of a cross section of 20th- and 21st-century American and international women’s works in relation to the following literary and thematic issues: narrative experimentation, ethnic or cultural identity, and relation between individual aspiration and cultural expectation. Offered alternate years. May be counted as a core course toward the minor in gender studies. V.2, V.5

Prerequisite: Sophomores with permission. This course focuses on the poetry of Yeats, Lawrence, Eliot, Stein, Millay, and Hughes. We will study their distinctive poetic achievements in relation to relevant traditions and contexts. In particular we will examine how their poetry reflects or contests modern ideas about the self, the nature of language, the significance of poetic forms, and the purpose of poetry. Offered alternate years in the fall semester. May be counted as an auxiliary course toward the minor in gender studies. III.O, V.2

Prerequisite: Sophomores with permission. A seminar focusing on 20th-century novels that helped to shape modern literature as well as our sense of what it means to be “modern.” Readings may include works by American, British, Irish, and European writers (in translation). Topics include the rise of mass culture and new technologies, crises of war and empire, and changing representations of the self, the unconscious, gender, and sexuality. Offered alternate years in the fall semester. May be counted as an auxiliary course toward the minor in gender studies. III.W, V.1, V.2

Prerequisite: First-year students with permission. French majors may participate with permission of instructor, preparing papers and examinations in French. Close reading and analysis of major French texts in English translation. Offered alternate years. V.2

Prerequisites: GNDR 102 and permission of the instructor. The study of introductory level material by an individual student or by a small group of students under the immediate supervision of a faculty member.

This course explores how American women have participated in the legal and political systems to influence public policy related to education, health care, reproductive rights, employment, economic equity, and families. The course emphasizes case studies of gender law and women in public office. Offered alternate years. V.7

Women’s experiences and past identities in America have been shaped by household structure and economics, religion, cultural assumptions and access to public life, among other factors. This course examines the history of women in America as daughters, mothers, wives, workers, individuals, and public actors to account for changing patterns of experience, opportunity and achievement. Offered alternate years. May be counted as a core course toward the minor in gender studies. V.1, V.5

This course surveys the foundations and development of western criminal law, penal institutions, and criminal jurisprudence from antiquity to the modern world. Patterns of criminality and enforcement, attempts at controlling crime, and philosophies regarding crime and punishment will be explored. We will also examine current debates on such controversial issues as violence, the death penalty, and the prosecution of “crimes against humanity.” No knowledge of statistics or data analysis is assumed. Students will learn the necessary techniques and skills in the course. May be counted as an auxiliary course toward the minor in gender studies. III.Q, V.1, V.7

Prerequisite: HIST 143. The millennium separating antiquity and the Renaissance witnessed the rise of western Christianity and capitalism, the invention of romantic love, the development of Islamic science, and the Black Death. Topics will alternate: Early Middle Ages or Dark Ages; High Medieval Renaissance(s); Medieval Iberia; The Disastrous Fourteenth Century. Offered alternate years. May be repeated for credit when topic is different. May be counted as an auxiliary course toward the minor in gender studies. May be counted toward the major in Spanish as the one course allowed to be taken in English. III.W, V.5

Prerequisite: HIST 135 or HIST 225. This course explores the rise, development, and abolition of slavery in North America. We will consider the distinctive characteristics of American slavery and of master-slave relations, the development of regional slave cultures, and the impact of the internal slave trade. We will also consider changes in African American experience following emancipation. As part of the requirements of the course, students will pursue research in local and regional archives culminating in a project that serves the needs of local historical institutions. This course may not be taken on a P/CR/NC grading option. Offered every third year.

An introduction to political philosophy and political theory. Possible figures to be covered include Plato, Aristotle, Rousseau, Smith, and Marx, as well as contemporary thinkers such as Jouvenel, Dahl, Arendt, Nussbaum, and Pitkin. May be counted as an auxiliary course toward the minor in gender studies. V.7

An introduction to the broad field of religious studies from a variety of perspectives drawn from anthropology, psychology, sociology, philosophy, the fine arts, gender studies, and history. The course will consider what the elements of religion are (myth, doctrine, ritual, ethics, world view, human community, and destiny), how they are to be interpreted vis-a-vis modern academic perspectives on culture, and whether religion as a concept makes any sense in an age of scientific rationalism. May be counted as an auxiliary course toward the minor in gender studies. V.1, V.5

An historical survey of the development of Christianity from its beginnings in the Greco- Roman empire through its global establishment in the modern era. The focus of the course will be on how Christianity in its literature, rituals, institutional forms, and intellectual traditions changes and develops as it encounters new peoples and new cultures. May be counted as an auxiliary course toward the minor in gender studies. III.W, V.1

Prerequisite: SOCI 100. An examination of the sociological understanding of structured social inequality. Beginning with the origins of social stratification and theoretical explanations of inequality, the course will survey the principal forms of stratification found in human society, concentrating on an extended analysis of the class structure of American society that addresses these fundamental questions: How are rewards (power, property, prestige) distributed in American society? How unequal is the distribution? Are classes real groups or categories? Can individuals change their rank in the structure? How has the structure of inequality changed? V.5, V.7